Epidemiology of human adenovirus associated with respiratory infection in southern Brazil.

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are associated with respiratory infection in the human population worldwide, but HAdV is underreported and less studied than other respiratory viruses. We investigated HAdV in patients with respiratory infection in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, between 2004 and 2018. The frequency and seasonality of HAdV, clinical symptoms and underlying diseases were analysed. Respiratory samples from outpatients with acute respiratory illness (ARI) who attended sentinel units and from inpatients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) were collected for HAdV detection by immunofluorescence assay; demographic and clinical data were analysed. In total, 43,514 cases of respiratory infection were analysed, of which 8,901 were ARI (20.5%), and 34,613 (79.5%) were SARI. Respiratory viruses were detected in 35.8% of the cases. The frequency of HAdV in relation to respiratory viruses was 2.8%. HAdV circulated year-round, with higher frequency during winter and early spring; increases in the average monthly temperature were associated with decreases in HAdV infections (p = 0.013). Most hospitalized patients with HAdV were male (p = 0.003). HAdV infection showed association with age (p < 0.001), and children between 1 and 5 years old accounted for 30.8% of the outpatients, whereas among cases of SARI, 88.2% were paediatric patients. Among inpatients with HAdV, 3% died, and of these, the majority had at least one underlying condition, such as cardiopathy and immunosuppression. HAdV infection of the respiratory tract causes morbidity and mortality, and individuals with heart diseases and the immunocompromised are at higher risk of fatality.

Gastos públicos com saúde: breve histórico, situação atual e perspectivas futuras / Public expenditure on health: brief history, current situation and future prospects

Apesar dos marcantes avanços de nosso sistema de saúde pública, hoje sintetizado em apenas três letras - SUS -, há ainda um grande caminho a percorrer para prover as condições de preservar a saúde da população do nosso Brasil. Neste texto abordamos de maneira despretensiosa conquistas e programas exitosos do SUS, mazelas do financiamento e má gestão, os desafios futuros e princípios que devem nortear as ações para alcançarmos um patamar mais eficiente de atenção à Saúde.(AU)

Despite the remarkable progress of the Brazilian public health system, nowadays better known by the acronym SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), there is still a long way to go to ensure conditions to preserve the health of the Brazilian population. In this text, we unassumingly report the achievements and successful programs of SUS, the problems of financing and mismanagement, and the future challenges and principles that should guide actions to achieve more efficient health care in Brazil.(AU)

Description of Parasecia fernandae sp.n. (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) and new records of chiggers from rodents in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

In this article, we describe a new species of chiggers, Parasecia fernandae sp.n., and report the presence of Arisocerus hertigi (Brennan et Jones, 1964), Eutrombicula goeldii (Oudemans, 1910), Microtrombicula brachytrichia Brennan, 1971, Parasecia manueli (Brennan et Jones, 1960), Quadraseta brasiliensis Goff et Gettinger, 1989 and Serratacarus dietzi Goff et Whitaker, 1984, for the first time in Rio de Janeiro State. P. manueli is a new record for Brazil. All of these species of chiggers were found parasitizing Nectomys squamipes (Brants, 1827). Besides that, A. hertigi was found on Oxymycterus sp., and S. dietzi—on Cerradomys subflavus (Wagner, 1842).

Healthcare and unhealthy eating among children aged under two years: data from the National Health Survey, Brazil, 2013 / Assistência em saúde e alimentação não saudável em crianças menores de dois anos: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, Brasil, 2013

Abstract Objectives: to examine indicators relating to access to child health care and markers of unhealthy patterns of eating in Brazilian children aged under two years and to set these in the context of the National Health System 's current child healthcare agenda. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study using data from the 2013 National Health Survey. Prevalences and confidence intervals of 95% (CI95%) were estimated for the total population, Brazilian macroregions and urban or rural location of household. Results: a first medical consult before the seventh day of life was reported in only 28.7% of children. Supervision of growth and child development was carried out primarily at basic health units (57.2%; CI95%: 54.8-59.6). Theneonatal screening, newborn hearing screening and red reflex tests were conducted with a frequency of 70.8% (CI95%: 69.0-72.7), 56.0% (CI95%: 53.8-58.3) and 51.1% (CI95%: 48.9-53.3), respectively. Disparities were found in preventive health care, with lower access among children living in rural households or in the North and Northeast regions. Soda consumption was reported for 32.3% and consumption of biscuits or cake for 60.8% of children,indicating premature introduction of unhealthy foods into the child's diet. Conclusions: the findingspoint to disparities in access to child healthcare and a high prevalence of unhealthy eating habits in infancy.

Resumo Objetivos: explorar indicadores de acesso à assistência em saúde infantil e de marcadores de padrões não saudável de alimentação em crianças brasileiras menores de dois anos e contextualizá-los na agenda atual de atenção à saúde da criança no Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal descritivo com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013. Estimaram-se as prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) para a população total, macrorregiões brasileiras e localização urbana ou rural do domicílio. Resultados: realização da primeira consulta médica até o sétimo dia foi referido para apenas 28,7% das crianças. O acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil foi realizado principalmente nas unidades básicas de saúde (57,2%; IC95%: 54,8-59,6). A frequência de realização dos testes do pezinho, orelhinha e olhinho foi de 70,8% (IC95%: 69,0-72,7), 56,0% (IC95%: 53,8-58,3) e 51,1% (IC95%: 48,9-53,3), respectivamente. Observam-se desigualdades nos cuidado preventivos em saúde, com menor acesso entre as crianças residentes em domicílios rurais e nas Regiões Norte e Nordeste. O consumo de refrigerantes foi referido para 32,3% e de biscoitos, bolacha ou bolo para 60,8% das crianças,apontando uma inoportuna introdução de alimentos não saudáveis na alimentação infantil. Conclusões: os achados apontam desigualdades de acesso à assistência infantil, assim como alta prevalência de comportamentos alimentares não saudáveis na infância.

Fatores associados à adição de sal à refeição pronta / Factors associated with the addition of salt to prepared food

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar se existem diferenças na adição de sal à refeição pronta entre homens e mulheres. Foram incluídos 47.557 indivíduos de 18 a 64 anos, participantes do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico, das 26 capitais e Distrito Federal, em 2006. As diferenças entre homens e mulheres foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado e as magnitudes da associação estimadas pelo Odds Ratio obtido por meio da regressão logística múltipla. A prevalência da adição de sal à refeição pronta foi 8,3%, sendo maior entre homens (9,8% vs 6,9%, p < 0,01). Após ajustes, a adição de sal à refeição pronta foi maior em indivíduos com a autoavaliação de saúde regular e ruim, relato de doença cardiovascular e que residiam na região Norte do Brasil. Indivíduos hipertensos relataram adicionar menos sal à refeição pronta. A escolaridade não foi associada à adição de sal. Homens adicionam mais sal à refeição pronta do que mulheres. Políticas públicas de saúde voltadas para a redução da ingestão de sal pela população devem levar em consideração a diferença de gênero no uso discricionário de sal e nos fatores que favorecem essas diferenças.

The scope of this research was to investigate the potential differences between men and women in the addition of salt to prepared food. The study included 47,557 individuals aged 18 to 64 participating in the Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Disease Surveillance System by Telephone Interview carried out in 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District in 2006. Differences between men and women were tested by the chi-square test and the association magnitudes between the dependent and independent variables were estimated by the Odds Ratio obtained by Multiple Logistic Regression analysis. The prevalence of the addition of salt to prepared food was 8.3%, being higher among men (9,8% vs 6,9%, p < 0.01). After adjustment, the addition of salt to prepared food was higher in individuals with self-rated fair to poor health, reporting cardiovascular disease and living in the North of Brazil. Hypertensive individuals reported addition of less salt to prepared food. Educational level was not associated with salt usage. Men add more salt than women. Public health policies aimed at reducing salt intake by the population should take into account the gender differences in salt intake and the factors that contribute to such differences.